Research Tools

Technical Literature

Research Tools

Technical Questions & FAQs

Research Tools

CALCULATORS

Double Labeled Water (DLW) is purified water that is enriched with both ¹⁸O and D isotopes. DLW is commonly used in the determination of energy expenditure. Although CIL offers custom formulations of DLW to meet any combination of ¹⁸O and D enrichments, some researchers may prefer to prepare their own DLW using purified water and ¹⁸O enriched water and deuterium oxide of known enrichments.

Please use our calculator titled "DLW Formulation Calculator" to calculate amounts of starting materials (¹⁸O-enriched water, deuterium oxide, and purified water) required to prepare a user-defined quantity of DLW of known ¹⁸O and D enrichment.
Please use our calculator titled "DLW Enrichment Calculator" to calculate the final ¹⁸O and D enrichments of a user-defined mixture of ¹⁸O enriched water, deuterium oxide and purified water.

REFERENCE MATERIALS

CIL's NMR Solvent Chart provides quick access to NMR Solvent Storage and Handling information as well as Chemical Shifts, Density, Melting Point, Boiling Point, Dielectric Constant and Molecular Weight.

NMR Solvent Data Chart

Refer to our Buffering Range Chart to easily identify the pK_a and Buffering Range for CIL buffers currently available from stock.

Useful Buffering Ranges

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All prices are in U.S. dollars for North American customers. All international customers should contact their local independent sales representatives or CIL International sales.