Metabolism

Researchers employ stable isotope techniques to study a wide variety of metabolic disorders and diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Isotopes are most commonly used in metabolism research as tracers to quantify biochemical or metabolic reactions in vivo. They can be used to study metabolic pathways, determine biomarkers, test the effects of a drug, and develop metabolic profiles of biological systems in a particular state.

Product Grades

CIL provides additional testing to many of our products as a service to our customers. The documents below describe the nature of these products, the different levels of control applied to them, and the Enhanced Technical Data Package that is available for some products.

Stable Isotope-Labeled Products for Metabolic Research 

Deuterated Metabolic Imaging (DMI)

Frequently Asked Questions

When are CIL’s -MPT products tested for microbiological content? They are tested in the bulk form at release. Subsequent aliquots are not retested and guaranteed upon receipt of order. Microbiological testing does not imply suitability for any intended use.

What organisms does the microbiological testing apply to? The –MPT products are tested for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Salmonella sp., aerobic bacteria, yeast, mold, and for bacterial endotoxins.

What is the limit for microbiological testing? For most products, the limit is <10 cfu/g for aerobic bacteria, yeast, and mold. These products also “pass” for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Salmonella sp.

What is the limit for endotoxin testing (LAL)? Most products have an LAL specification of <0.25 EU/mg, but some can be different (<0.125, <0.03, <0.01, etc). The actual LAL results are reported on the lot-specific CoA.

Can CIL perform additional tests on research grade (-0 products) or microbiological tested material (-MPT)? Yes, CIL has the capabilities to perform additional testing on most products. This should be reviewed and quoted prior to order. An additional fee may apply.

Does CIL offer products for clinical trials? Yes, CIL can produce cGMP grade material that is suitable for clinical trials. Please contact us to discuss your project.

What algal strain is used to create mixed triglycerides products? Agmenelum quadriplicatum

What algal strain is used to create mixed fatty acids products? Agmenelum quadriplicatum

What algal strain is used to create the amino acid mixes product? Agmenelum quadriplicatum

What algal strain is the whole algal cells product? Agmenelum quadriplicatum

Example References

Meiser, J.; Tumanov, S.; Maddocks, O.; et al. 2016. Serine one-carbon catabolism with formate overflow. Sci Adv, 2(10), e1601273. PMID: 27819051
Svensson, R.U.; Parker, S.J.; Eichner, L.J.; et al. 2016. Inhibition of acetyl-coa carboxylase suppresses fatty acid synthesis and tumor growth of non-small-cell lung cancer in preclinical models. Nat Med, 22(10), 1108-1119.  PMID: 27643638
Mayers, J.R.; Torrence, M.E.; Danai, L.V.; et al. 2016. Tissue of origin dictates branched-chain amino acid metabolism in mutant KRAS-driven cancers. Science, 353(6304), 1161-1165. PMID: 27609895
Engelen, M.P.; Safar, A.M.; Bartter, T.; et al. 2016. Reduced arginine availability and nitric oxide synthesis in cancer is related to impaired endogenous arginine synthesis. Clin Sci, 130(14), 1185-1195.  PMID: 27129191
Sellers, K.; Fox, M.P.; Bousamra, M. 2nd.; et al. 2015. Pyruvate carboxylase is critical for non-small-cell lung cancer proliferation. J Clin Invest, 125(2), 687-698. PMID: 25607840
Green, C.O.; Badaloo, A.V.; Hsu, J.W.; et al. 2014. Effects of randomized supplementation of methionine or alanine on cysteine and glutathione production during the early phase of treatment of children with edematous malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr, 99(5), 1052-1058.  PMID: 24598154
Nelson, S.J.; Kurhanewicz, J.; Vigneron, D.B.; et al. 2013. Metabolic imaging of patients with prostate cancer using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Sci Transl Med, 5(198).  PMID: 23946197
de Betue, C.; Joosten, K.; Deutz, N.; et al. 2013. Arginine appearance and nitric oxide synthesis in critically ill infants can be increased with a protein-energy-enriched enteral formula. Am J Clin Nutr, 98(4), 907-916.  PMID: 23945723
Alauddin, M. 2012. Positron emission tomography (pet) imaging with 18F-based radiotracers. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;2(1), 55-76. PMID: 23133802
Elango, R.; Ball, R.O.; Pencharz, P.B. 2012. Recent advances in determining protein and amino acid requirements in humans. Br J Nutr, 108.  PMID: 23107531

Son, J.; Lyssiotis, C.A.; Ying, H.; et al. 2013. Glutamine supports pancreatic cancer growth through a KRAS-regulated metabolic pathway. Nature, 496(7443), 101-105.  nature.com/articles/nature12040.
Maher, E.A.; Marin-Valencia, I.; Bachoo, et al. 2012. Metabolism of [U-13C]glucose in human brain tumors in vivo. NMR Biomed, 25(11), 1234-1244.  PMID: 22419606
Dunn, W.B.; Broadhurst, D.; Begley, P.; et al. 2011. Procedures for large-scale metabolic profiling of serum and plasma using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Nat Protoc, 6(7), 1060-1083.  PMID: 21720319
Henderson, G.C.; Dhatariya, K.; Ford, G.C.; et al. 2009. Higher muscle protein synthesis in women than men across the lifespan, and failure of androgen administration to amend age-related decrements. FASEB J, 23(2), 631-641.  PMID: 18827019
Jaleel, A.; Nehra, V.; Persson, X.M.; et al. 2007. In vivo measurement of synthesis rate of multiple plasma proteins in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 292(1), E190-197.  PMID: 16449301
Previs, S.F.; Fatica, R.; Chandramouli, V.; et al. 2004. Quantifying rates of protein synthesis in humans by use of 2H2O: Application to patients with end-stage renal disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 286(4), E665-672.  PMID: 14693509
Cobelli, C.; Saccomani, M.P.; Tessari, P.; et al. 1991. Compartmental model of leucine kinetics in humans. Am J Physiol, 261, E539-550.  PMID: 1928344
Picou, D.; Taylor-Roberts, T. 1969. The measurement of total protein synthesis and catabolism and nitrogen turnover in infants in different nutritional states and receiving different amounts of dietary protein. Clin Sci, 36(2),283-296.   PMID: 5772104